Carbamylated HDL and Mortality Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVE Carbamylation is part of the aging process and causes adverse changes in structure function proteins. Lipoproteins are subjected to carbamylation. We investigated usefulness carbamylated HDL as a prognostic indicator survival patients with type 2 diabetes association mortality outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Baseline plasma was measured by ELISA cohort 1,517 diabetes. The primary outcome all-cause mortality, secondary outcomes were cause-specific deaths, including cardiovascular, renal, infection, cancer related. RESULTS Over median follow-up 14 years, 292 died, rate 14.5 per 1,000 person-years. Plasma level higher those fatal (46.1 ± 17.8 µg/mL vs. 32.9 10.7; P < 0.01). Patients third (hazard ratio [HR] 2.11; 95% CI 1.40–3.17; 0.001) fourth quartiles (HR 6.55; 4.67–9.77; had increased risk. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, elevated independently associated 1.39; 1.28–1.52; well all mortalities. Adding improved power multivariable models predicting significant increments C index (from 0.78 0.80; 0.001), net reclassification index, integrated discrimination improvement. CONCLUSIONS renders dysfunctional,